Oral Presentation (max 25mins) The National Suicide Prevention Conference 2024

Supporting military & first responder communities after a suicide death: a national update (101891)

Henry Bowen 1 , Murray Nankivell 1 , Kath Whitson 1
  1. Military and Emergency Services Health Australia, a charity of the Hospital Research Foundation, PORT NOARLUNGA, SA, Australia

When someone dies by suicide, it's estimated that 135 people are impacted (Cerel et al., 2019), with some studies suggesting that over 50% of individuals report being exposed to suicide at some point in their lifetime (Fiegelman et al, 2018). When considering military and emergency services, these figures can be even higher, with an estimated nearly 75% of law enforcement officers knowing an individual who has died by suicide (Cerel et al., 2018). The suicide of a current or former military or emergency service personnel member is a tragic event that affects their families, loved ones, or co-workers in unique ways. They may face challenges such as dealing with the long-lasting impact of their loved one’s career, funeral arrangements, pension claims, social support including social isolation, and media attention. They may also have a higher risk of mental illness or suicidal ideation, as research shows that exposure to or bereavement by suicide can increase suicidal thoughts and behaviours (Calderaro et al., 2022; Pitman et al., 2016), with a recent systematic review finding that that being exposed to suicide – even if they are not family – can increase risk of suicidal behaviours (Maple et al., 2017). In previous years, the authors of this symposium have presented on the development of a national framework and best practice guidelines for supporting the families and peers of military and emergency services personnel who die by suicide. This symposium aims to update on this program of study by reporting the findings of two systematic reviews (one being for families and one being for peers) and the preliminary results of an ongoing study of the families and co-workers of emergency services personnel who have died by suicide. This ongoing study aims to develop a greater understanding of the perceptions and experiences of families and co-workers impacted by the suicide death of a military or emergency services (police, fire and rescue, or paramedic) member, and the barriers and enablers to those individuals accessing support services in the aftermath of this death. Ongoing data collection is conducted via an online qualitative survey with open-ended questions alongside optional semi-structured interviews. The survey questions and semi-structured interview questions were developed in collaboration with a lived experience stakeholder advisory committee. This symposium will report on how these studies will be used to inform the development of resources to better support the families and co-workers of personnel who die by suicide.

  1. Pitman, A. L., Osborn, D. P., Rantell, K., & King, M. B. (2016). Bereavement by suicide as a risk factor for suicide attempt: a cross-sectional national UK-wide study of 3432 young bereaved adults. BMJ open, 6(1), e009948.
  2. Feigelman, W., Cerel, J., McIntosh, J. L., Brent, D., & Gutin, N. (2018). Suicide exposures and bereavement among American adults: Evidence from the 2016 General Social Survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 227, 1-6.
  3. Maple, M., Cerel, J., Sanford, R., Pearce, T., & Jordan, J. (2017). Is exposure to suicide beyond kin associated with risk for suicidal behavior? A systematic review of the evidence. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 47(4), 461-474.
  4. Cerel, J., Jones, B., Brown, M., Weisenhorn, D. A., & Patel, K. (2019). Suicide exposure in law enforcement officers. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 49(5), 1281-1289.
  5. Cerel, J., Brown, M. M., Maple, M., Singleton, M., Van de Venne, J., Moore, M., & Flaherty, C. (2019). How many people are exposed to suicide? Not six. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 49(2), 529-534.
  6. Calderaro, M., Baethge, C., Bermpohl, F., Gutwinski, S., Schouler-Ocak, M., & Henssler, J. (2022). Offspring's risk for suicidal behaviour in relation to parental death by suicide: systematic review and meta-analysis and a model for familial transmission of suicide. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 220(3), 121-129.